Glossary entry (derived from question below)
English term or phrase:
binding partner
Spanish translation:
ligando
Added to glossary by
Gabriel Arena
Aug 11, 2009 18:10
14 yrs ago
29 viewers *
English term
binding partner
English to Spanish
Science
Genetics
Hola a todos. Recurro, una vez más, a la ayuda de mis queridos colegas con este término. En el texto solo aparece un par de veces. He aquí una de ellas:
The present invention also provides methods of identifying PP1 binding partners and inhibitors that rely on a conformational change of a PP1 protein when bound by or otherwise interacting with a test agent.
¡Gracias desde ya!
The present invention also provides methods of identifying PP1 binding partners and inhibitors that rely on a conformational change of a PP1 protein when bound by or otherwise interacting with a test agent.
¡Gracias desde ya!
Proposed translations
(Spanish)
| 5 | ligando |
M. C. Filgueira
|
Proposed translations
1 hr
M. C. Filgueira
Native in Spanish
Specializes in field
Química biológica
Native in: Spanish 
Works in: English to Spanish, French to Spanish, Spanish
Related KudoZ points
:
106
Selected
ligando
Hola, Gabriel.
Para justificar mi respuesta, te copio un mensaje que envié hace ya unos años al foro MedTrad, a propósito de la traducción de este sintagma en la siguiente frase:
"[...]to bind to the mitotic kinesin, such as an antibody, peptide,
binding partner, ligand, etc. "
La persona que planteó la pregunta proponía como posibles traducciones "ligando de unión" y "coligando".
Saludos cordiales,
María Claudia
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Me parece que el problema de esta frase radica en su construcción,
no muy rigurosa, en la que se amontonan términos de manera poco razonada.
Copio a continuación una "Newsletter" de la Comisión Conjunta IUPAC-IUBMB
de Nomenclatura Bioquímica (JCBN) donde se define precisamente qué es un
ligando.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ligands in biochemistry and inorganic chemistry
From the JCBN/NC-IUB Newsletter 1992 [1]
The definition of 'ligand' approved by chemists (see page 233 in [2]) is: "If it is possible to indicate a central atom in a polyatomic molecular entity, the atoms or groups bound to that atom are called ligands. The term is generally used in connection with metallic 'central' atoms."
The Nomenclature Committee of IUBMB believes that the wider biochemical usage is covered by changing the first sentence - italicizing the words that change the meaning - to read: "If it is possible or convenient to regard part of a polyatomic molecular entity as central, then the atoms, groups or molecules bound to that part are called ligands."
Biochemical usage is thus wider, in that the central entity can be polyatomic. Thus H+ may be a ligand for proteins and for citrate as well as for O2-. It may even be a ligand for a univalent entity such as acetate: in other circumstances, AcO- may be the ligand for H+, since the definition makes clear that the view of which entity is central may change for convenience.
Thus four calcium ions are ligands for calmodulin, when the protein is regarded as central; four carboxylate groups of calmodulin ligate (are ligands of) each calcium ion when this ion is regarded as central. It is the ligand that is said to ligate the central entity, which is said to be ligated.
When the hormone binding to a receptor is called a ligand, the receptor is thus regarded as the central entity.
Biochemists should bear in mind that the usage in inorganic chemistry has been that ligands bind only single atoms, so they should be cautious in fields such as bioinorganic chemistry where confusion may be possible.
1. IUPAC-IUBMB Joint Commission on Biochemical Nomenclature (JCBN), and Nomenclature Commission of IUBMB (NC-IUBMB),.Newsletter 1992,Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 1992, 294, 322-325; Biochem. Internat., 1992, 26, 567-575; Bioch. J., 1992, 282, I-III; Biol. Chem. Hoppe-Seyler, 1992, 373, 1-4; Chem. Int., 1992, 14, 140-141; Eur. J. Biochem., 1992, 204, 1-3.
2. International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (1987) Compendium of chemical terminology (Gold, V., Loening, K. L., McNaught, A. D. & Sehmi, P., eds) Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford.
http://www.chem.qmul.ac.uk/iubmb/newsletter/misc/ligand.html
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Como podés ver, el término "ligando" se usa con un sentido bastante amplio, partiendo de un punto de vista subjetivo. Se denomina ligando a cualquier especie química que se una a otra entidad considerada subjetivamente como central. Teniendo en cuenta esta definición, la enumeración de tu frase resulta extraña ("[...]to bind to the mitotic kinesin, such as an antibody, peptide, binding partner, ligand, etc. ").
Por un lado, si consideramos aue la entidad central es la cinesina (simplemente porque se está hablando de esta proteína), cualquier anticuerpo o péptido que se una a ella es, por definición, un ligando (de la cinesina, claro). Por lo tanto, decir "antibody, peptide [and] ligand" tiene tan poco sentido como decir, por ejemplo, "antibody, enzyme and protein" (los anticuerpos y las enzimas son proteínas). Lo correcto habría sido decir "an antibody, a peptide or any other ligand" o algo por el estilo.
Por otro lado, vaya uno a saber qué quiso indicar este autor al hacer la distinción entre "ligand" y "binding partner". Estos términos se suelen usar como sinónimos, tal como se puede comprobar en los ejemplos que copié al final de este mensaje. Estuve hojeando varias páginas internéticas donde "binding partner" aparece solo y no encontré ninguna en la que no hubiese podido reemplazarlo por "ligand", según la definición del JCBN.
En definitiva, tengo la impresión de que en esta frase se han reunido de manera poco razonada cuatro voces --"antibody", "peptide", "binding partner" y "ligand"-- relacionadas con las diversas entidades que se unen la cinesina. De todos modos, en mi opinión, como estos términos aparecen en una enumeración que comienza con "such as" y termina con "etc.", se puede zanjar el problema traduciendo "binding partner, ligand" como "ligando" y justificando esta simplificación en una nota, para que no pase por un olvido.
En todo caso, no usaría "ligando de unión", por redundante, ni "coligando", porque tiene otro sentido (los coligandos son especies que se unen simultáneamente a una entidad central), ni "asociado de unión" ni nada por el estilo, porque mi religión no me lo permite...
Saludos cordiales.
María Claudia
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ejemplos de la sinonimia entre "ligand" y "binding partner":
«The key to rapid discovery and characterization of protein-ligand interactions, is the ability to couple the proteins being screened (phenotype) with the genetic information encoding them (genotype). (...) In addition, a large library of proteins must be generated and "displayed" to the ligand of interest. The larger the library, the greater is the chance of finding a binding partner.»
http://www.miltenyibiotec.com/macs/techno/display.htm
«Methods have been developed to design optimal electrostatic interactions for molecular binding for situations in which the charge distribution of one binding partner is fixed, the other is adjustable, and the system can be described by the Poisson equation (...) The effects of increasing the ionic strength up to 1.0 M causes a substantial weakening of the optimal binding affinity but a negligible change to the optimal ligand-charge distributions.»
http://erikkangas.com/drthesis_abs.html
«The algorithm, known as COMPLX for the COMposition of Protein-Ligand compleXes, is capable of identifying complexes for any protein or macromolecule with a binding partner of molecular mass up to 100 000 Da.»
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&d...
«The binding partener (ligand) of P-selectin is a specificoligosaccharide sequence found on leukocyte cell surfaces. oligosaccharide sequence found on leukocyte cell surfaces.»
http://64.233.183.104/search?q=cache:tbBljLOfchMJ:www.sp.uco...
«Until now, no extra-neuronal ligand for the C-terminal globular domains of aggrecan and versican has been identified. We now report that the fibrillar extracellular matrix protein fibulin-1 is such a ligand. (...) However, versican may also in this context be another relevant binding partner for fibulin-1...»
http://64.233.183.104/search?q=cache:1HKJwVP44JEJ:www.cmb.lu...
«Use a protein affinity column to fish the specific coactivator of PPARg. Attach PPARg to column matrix, flow in TZD to make sure that PPARg is in its activated conformation, and then run cell lysate (or nuclear lysate, if you had an educated guess about the behavior of your coactivator) over your column. Wash with low salt buffer, and then increase the salt concentration to elute the specifically bound proteins. The protein content of the column fractions can be assessed by running an SDS polyacrylamide gel. To test which of these proteins is the activation-specific binding partner, run a second affinity column with PPARg in the absence of TZD. The protein absent in this second column will be the ligand-specific coactivator protein.»
http://64.233.183.104/search?q=cache:_enBEuVy6wUJ:mcb.berkel...
«The orientation of binding between the L1CAM extracellular region and its ligands can be described as either cis (within the plane of the cell membrane) or trans (where the binding partners are situated on opposing cells).»
http://64.233.183.104/search?q=cache:WHQe443Z6XMJ:www.biosci...
«Figure 2. Top Views of the C-Terminal Subdomain (...) (Right) Positions of point mutants and other residues around W840. Mutation of this residue abolishes the a-adaptin ear interaction with its binding partners. Mutations in residues surrounding W840 cause varying degrees of inhibition of ligand binding as indicated by color: yellow (no effect) through orange and pink (partial effect) to purple (abolition of ligand binding).»
http://www2.mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk/groups/pre/PDFs/AlphaAdaptin_C...
«Once liberated from latent complexes, ligands of the TGF-ß family may be intercepted by a host of diffusible proteins which bind the ligands with varying degrees of affinity and inhibit their access to signaling receptors. The expression of some of these natural antagonists is positively regulated by their TGF-ß binding partners.»
http://64.233.183.104/search?q=cache:P38SS4W-mxUJ:www.peprot...
«Identification of multiple proteins expressed in murine embryos as binding partners for the WW domains of the ubiquitin-protein ligase Nedd4. (...) We report here identification of eight Nedd4 WW-domain-interacting proteins from mouse embryonic cDNA expression libraries. Two of the proteins are novel, while two have been identified previously as ligands for a WW domain.»
http://www.pdg.cnb.uam.es/UniPub/iHOP/pm/8637647.html
«We demonstrate here that cPTP is a heparin-binding protein and that its basal lamina ligands include the heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) agrin and collagen XVIII. (...) Here we show that cPTP is a heparin binding protein and that extracellular matrix heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs), in particular agrin and collagen XVIII, are binding partners for cPTP in vitro.»
http://mcb.asm.org/cgi/content/full/22/6/1881
«In this review we will focus on the unique molecular structure of laminins which enable self-interactions as well as interactions with different types of ligands, such as sulfated carbohydrates, other members of the extracellular matrix (nidogen/entactin, fibulins, perlecan, agrin and a-dystroglycan/cranin) and glycoproteins involved in cell adhesion (integrins and cell adhesion glycoproteins of the immunoglobulin superfamily). In particular, the involvement of carbohydrates in the interactions between laminin and its ligands will be discussed. (...) The composition of basal laminae differs depending on their tissue distribution, and therefore also the occurrence of laminin isoforms and their binding partners which constitute the basal laminae are variable. Predominant binding partners of laminins are nidogen/entactin, fibulins, the heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPG) perlecan and agrin, a-dystroglycan/cranin. Here we will focus on the question on how carbohydrates contribute to these interactions.»
http://www.gak.co.jp/TIGG/55PDF/MR-Hall.pdf
Para justificar mi respuesta, te copio un mensaje que envié hace ya unos años al foro MedTrad, a propósito de la traducción de este sintagma en la siguiente frase:
"[...]to bind to the mitotic kinesin, such as an antibody, peptide,
binding partner, ligand, etc. "
La persona que planteó la pregunta proponía como posibles traducciones "ligando de unión" y "coligando".
Saludos cordiales,
María Claudia
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Me parece que el problema de esta frase radica en su construcción,
no muy rigurosa, en la que se amontonan términos de manera poco razonada.
Copio a continuación una "Newsletter" de la Comisión Conjunta IUPAC-IUBMB
de Nomenclatura Bioquímica (JCBN) donde se define precisamente qué es un
ligando.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ligands in biochemistry and inorganic chemistry
From the JCBN/NC-IUB Newsletter 1992 [1]
The definition of 'ligand' approved by chemists (see page 233 in [2]) is: "If it is possible to indicate a central atom in a polyatomic molecular entity, the atoms or groups bound to that atom are called ligands. The term is generally used in connection with metallic 'central' atoms."
The Nomenclature Committee of IUBMB believes that the wider biochemical usage is covered by changing the first sentence - italicizing the words that change the meaning - to read: "If it is possible or convenient to regard part of a polyatomic molecular entity as central, then the atoms, groups or molecules bound to that part are called ligands."
Biochemical usage is thus wider, in that the central entity can be polyatomic. Thus H+ may be a ligand for proteins and for citrate as well as for O2-. It may even be a ligand for a univalent entity such as acetate: in other circumstances, AcO- may be the ligand for H+, since the definition makes clear that the view of which entity is central may change for convenience.
Thus four calcium ions are ligands for calmodulin, when the protein is regarded as central; four carboxylate groups of calmodulin ligate (are ligands of) each calcium ion when this ion is regarded as central. It is the ligand that is said to ligate the central entity, which is said to be ligated.
When the hormone binding to a receptor is called a ligand, the receptor is thus regarded as the central entity.
Biochemists should bear in mind that the usage in inorganic chemistry has been that ligands bind only single atoms, so they should be cautious in fields such as bioinorganic chemistry where confusion may be possible.
1. IUPAC-IUBMB Joint Commission on Biochemical Nomenclature (JCBN), and Nomenclature Commission of IUBMB (NC-IUBMB),.Newsletter 1992,Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 1992, 294, 322-325; Biochem. Internat., 1992, 26, 567-575; Bioch. J., 1992, 282, I-III; Biol. Chem. Hoppe-Seyler, 1992, 373, 1-4; Chem. Int., 1992, 14, 140-141; Eur. J. Biochem., 1992, 204, 1-3.
2. International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (1987) Compendium of chemical terminology (Gold, V., Loening, K. L., McNaught, A. D. & Sehmi, P., eds) Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford.
http://www.chem.qmul.ac.uk/iubmb/newsletter/misc/ligand.html
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Como podés ver, el término "ligando" se usa con un sentido bastante amplio, partiendo de un punto de vista subjetivo. Se denomina ligando a cualquier especie química que se una a otra entidad considerada subjetivamente como central. Teniendo en cuenta esta definición, la enumeración de tu frase resulta extraña ("[...]to bind to the mitotic kinesin, such as an antibody, peptide, binding partner, ligand, etc. ").
Por un lado, si consideramos aue la entidad central es la cinesina (simplemente porque se está hablando de esta proteína), cualquier anticuerpo o péptido que se una a ella es, por definición, un ligando (de la cinesina, claro). Por lo tanto, decir "antibody, peptide [and] ligand" tiene tan poco sentido como decir, por ejemplo, "antibody, enzyme and protein" (los anticuerpos y las enzimas son proteínas). Lo correcto habría sido decir "an antibody, a peptide or any other ligand" o algo por el estilo.
Por otro lado, vaya uno a saber qué quiso indicar este autor al hacer la distinción entre "ligand" y "binding partner". Estos términos se suelen usar como sinónimos, tal como se puede comprobar en los ejemplos que copié al final de este mensaje. Estuve hojeando varias páginas internéticas donde "binding partner" aparece solo y no encontré ninguna en la que no hubiese podido reemplazarlo por "ligand", según la definición del JCBN.
En definitiva, tengo la impresión de que en esta frase se han reunido de manera poco razonada cuatro voces --"antibody", "peptide", "binding partner" y "ligand"-- relacionadas con las diversas entidades que se unen la cinesina. De todos modos, en mi opinión, como estos términos aparecen en una enumeración que comienza con "such as" y termina con "etc.", se puede zanjar el problema traduciendo "binding partner, ligand" como "ligando" y justificando esta simplificación en una nota, para que no pase por un olvido.
En todo caso, no usaría "ligando de unión", por redundante, ni "coligando", porque tiene otro sentido (los coligandos son especies que se unen simultáneamente a una entidad central), ni "asociado de unión" ni nada por el estilo, porque mi religión no me lo permite...
Saludos cordiales.
María Claudia
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ejemplos de la sinonimia entre "ligand" y "binding partner":
«The key to rapid discovery and characterization of protein-ligand interactions, is the ability to couple the proteins being screened (phenotype) with the genetic information encoding them (genotype). (...) In addition, a large library of proteins must be generated and "displayed" to the ligand of interest. The larger the library, the greater is the chance of finding a binding partner.»
http://www.miltenyibiotec.com/macs/techno/display.htm
«Methods have been developed to design optimal electrostatic interactions for molecular binding for situations in which the charge distribution of one binding partner is fixed, the other is adjustable, and the system can be described by the Poisson equation (...) The effects of increasing the ionic strength up to 1.0 M causes a substantial weakening of the optimal binding affinity but a negligible change to the optimal ligand-charge distributions.»
http://erikkangas.com/drthesis_abs.html
«The algorithm, known as COMPLX for the COMposition of Protein-Ligand compleXes, is capable of identifying complexes for any protein or macromolecule with a binding partner of molecular mass up to 100 000 Da.»
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&d...
«The binding partener (ligand) of P-selectin is a specificoligosaccharide sequence found on leukocyte cell surfaces. oligosaccharide sequence found on leukocyte cell surfaces.»
http://64.233.183.104/search?q=cache:tbBljLOfchMJ:www.sp.uco...
«Until now, no extra-neuronal ligand for the C-terminal globular domains of aggrecan and versican has been identified. We now report that the fibrillar extracellular matrix protein fibulin-1 is such a ligand. (...) However, versican may also in this context be another relevant binding partner for fibulin-1...»
http://64.233.183.104/search?q=cache:1HKJwVP44JEJ:www.cmb.lu...
«Use a protein affinity column to fish the specific coactivator of PPARg. Attach PPARg to column matrix, flow in TZD to make sure that PPARg is in its activated conformation, and then run cell lysate (or nuclear lysate, if you had an educated guess about the behavior of your coactivator) over your column. Wash with low salt buffer, and then increase the salt concentration to elute the specifically bound proteins. The protein content of the column fractions can be assessed by running an SDS polyacrylamide gel. To test which of these proteins is the activation-specific binding partner, run a second affinity column with PPARg in the absence of TZD. The protein absent in this second column will be the ligand-specific coactivator protein.»
http://64.233.183.104/search?q=cache:_enBEuVy6wUJ:mcb.berkel...
«The orientation of binding between the L1CAM extracellular region and its ligands can be described as either cis (within the plane of the cell membrane) or trans (where the binding partners are situated on opposing cells).»
http://64.233.183.104/search?q=cache:WHQe443Z6XMJ:www.biosci...
«Figure 2. Top Views of the C-Terminal Subdomain (...) (Right) Positions of point mutants and other residues around W840. Mutation of this residue abolishes the a-adaptin ear interaction with its binding partners. Mutations in residues surrounding W840 cause varying degrees of inhibition of ligand binding as indicated by color: yellow (no effect) through orange and pink (partial effect) to purple (abolition of ligand binding).»
http://www2.mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk/groups/pre/PDFs/AlphaAdaptin_C...
«Once liberated from latent complexes, ligands of the TGF-ß family may be intercepted by a host of diffusible proteins which bind the ligands with varying degrees of affinity and inhibit their access to signaling receptors. The expression of some of these natural antagonists is positively regulated by their TGF-ß binding partners.»
http://64.233.183.104/search?q=cache:P38SS4W-mxUJ:www.peprot...
«Identification of multiple proteins expressed in murine embryos as binding partners for the WW domains of the ubiquitin-protein ligase Nedd4. (...) We report here identification of eight Nedd4 WW-domain-interacting proteins from mouse embryonic cDNA expression libraries. Two of the proteins are novel, while two have been identified previously as ligands for a WW domain.»
http://www.pdg.cnb.uam.es/UniPub/iHOP/pm/8637647.html
«We demonstrate here that cPTP is a heparin-binding protein and that its basal lamina ligands include the heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) agrin and collagen XVIII. (...) Here we show that cPTP is a heparin binding protein and that extracellular matrix heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs), in particular agrin and collagen XVIII, are binding partners for cPTP in vitro.»
http://mcb.asm.org/cgi/content/full/22/6/1881
«In this review we will focus on the unique molecular structure of laminins which enable self-interactions as well as interactions with different types of ligands, such as sulfated carbohydrates, other members of the extracellular matrix (nidogen/entactin, fibulins, perlecan, agrin and a-dystroglycan/cranin) and glycoproteins involved in cell adhesion (integrins and cell adhesion glycoproteins of the immunoglobulin superfamily). In particular, the involvement of carbohydrates in the interactions between laminin and its ligands will be discussed. (...) The composition of basal laminae differs depending on their tissue distribution, and therefore also the occurrence of laminin isoforms and their binding partners which constitute the basal laminae are variable. Predominant binding partners of laminins are nidogen/entactin, fibulins, the heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPG) perlecan and agrin, a-dystroglycan/cranin. Here we will focus on the question on how carbohydrates contribute to these interactions.»
http://www.gak.co.jp/TIGG/55PDF/MR-Hall.pdf
4 KudoZ points awarded for this answer.
Comment: "¡Oops! Te pido disculpas por no haber calificado tu respuesta en su momento. Viste cómo es cuando uno anda a las corridas. Finalmente utilicé tu opción, ya que me pareció muy coherente tu fundamentación. Aún no he recibido las correcciones del cliente, así que veremos qué opinan. ¡Muchas gracias una vez más! Gabriel"
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